Preference Reversal, Real-World Lotteries, and Lottery-Interested Subjects

Preference reversal, or choice/reservation-price inconsistency, has been documented experimentally for certain types of lotteries. We argue that the relevance of these findings for real-world markets is uncertain because the type of objects used cannot exist on a market and because the extent to which the subjects had any real interest in the objects is unknown. Using real-world lotteries, we have tested choice/price consistency on subjects who prefer lotteries to cash. Preference reversal was observed, but the frequency was much lower than in earlier experiments. There were no differences between subjects who qualify as ""lottery interested"" and those who did not.

Effectiveness Of Ondansetron Prior To Spinal Anesthesia In Obese Parturients Undergoing Caesarean Delivery

Spinal anesthesia is the preferred route of anesthesia for parturients undergoing casesarean section (Hawkins et al., 2011). Parturients with obesity undergo caesarean delivery and have higher rates of initial intrathecal failure comparatively to non-obese (Hood, et al, 2015). Obesity is on the rise leading to a reconsideration as to the dosing of spinal anesthetic type (Dennis, 2017). Historically, the utilization of ondansetron, as a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, has been utilized prior to spinal administration to prevent the sympathectomy that can occur (Sahoo et al., 2012). This has decreased the utilization of vasopressors which can be detrimental to the fetus during cesarean (Kinsella et al., 2017). A literature search was performed using major databases. 30 articles experimental studies, randomized control trials (RCT) and systematic reviews of RCTs with or without meta-analysis published within the last ten years were selected for initial review. 17 articles were identified as related to obesity and pregnancy undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Ondansetron’s utilization as an effective attenuator of a subarachnoid block sympathectomy has been accepted through various studies. However, through the literature review, a gap in obesity with dosing of prophylactic 5-HT3 antagonists and intrathecal local anesthetics, as well as, objective non-invasive data collecting to facilitate spinal anesthetic hypotension from occurring

Reviews

Reviews: O.M.C. Haex, H.H. Curvers & P.M.M.G. Akkermans ( eds.): To the Euphrates and Beyond (by Peder Mortensen)Magdalena Tempelmann-Maczynska: Die Perlen der romischen Kaiserzeit (by Birgit Lind

TNT07 MIO San Francisco Bay, atmospheric effects after action report

The authors participated in four Tactical Network Topology Marine Interdiction Operations (TNT MIOs) during FY 2007. The overall goals of the authors TNT MIO studies were (1) to provide military and law enforcement personnel with real time and future information on how the environment will affect marine interdiction operations and (2) to develop, verify and improve models and procedures used in (1) by comparing predictions with actual in situ observations. Similar to earlier TNT MIO experiments, the authors addressed how environmental factors affect the transmission of radiation in the visible and radio bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. But, unlike the earlier experiments, more emphasis was placed on other environmental effects such as winds, sea state, tides and other weather factors. By developing a system to provide the relevant personnel with this information we hope to (1) enhance overall situational awareness, (2) enhance mission planning and safety and (3) provide an advantage over any potential adversaries who might not consider these atmospheric effects. For this project we made in situ measurements of atmospheric conditions as and also incorporated a large amount of outside information to give a better picture of the environmental conditions that affected the MIO. In addition to providing weather briefings in the mornings of the operations, several environmental products were made available via the experimental networks. These products included results of visibility and radar range model predictions developed especially for these experiments as well as more general products downloaded from the World Wide Web. The data collection efforts were successful and allowed verification and improvement of the effects models.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Realising potential and recognising paradox: The national induction and mentoring project

Although comprehensive policy and resourcing of beginning teacher induction and mentoring can improve teacher retention and quality, there is growing recognition that combining on-site leadership and policy is integral to providing effective learning for teachers. This has led to an increased interest in melding policy and resources with school and service leadership to promote consistency of beginning teachers’ induction and mentoring experiences. This article describes and provides insights into a project involving four pilots which are trialling the draft national guidelines for effective induction programmes and mentor teacher development. An external evaluation across the four pilots has revealed that national guidelines can be a positive lever for effecting change in induction and mentoring practices. Implementing such change nationally will require leaders to take seriously an educative, transformative approach to learning for both beginning teachers and their mentors

Explaining the emergence of social trust: Denmark and Germany

"How does social trust emerge in a country? By comparing the cases of Denmark and Germany through six historical phases, the authors suggest that a plausible explanation is long run political stability. In Denmark, social trust was arguably allowed to accumulate slowly over time and was probably not destroyed up till the universal welfare state of the 20th century. In Germany, however, political instability since the first German state building hampered the emergence and maintenance of social trust, which is why social trust was never allowed to grow in this country." (author's abstract

The contestation of nonintervention : international order and emergence of the responsibility to protect (R2P)

This thesis examines how the norm of nonintervention has interacted with the norm of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to construct a new normative architecture of international order. Nonintervention has long served as a deeply embedded norm in the international normative architecture. However, conflicting interpretations of how to respond in cases of egregious intra-state human rights abuses have fuelled contestation surrounding the potential for international protection measures including the projection of force. Drawing from international relations theory, I embrace a social constructivist approach with insights from the English School to explore the nature of normative structures and their role in undergirding international society. While foreign policy decisions reflect a spectrum of normative and non-normative considerations, norms serve as resources that guide and shape the behaviour of actors. Outlining the emergence of R2P and its invocation through empirical cases of mass atrocities in Sri Lanka (2009), Libya (2011), and Syria (2011-2015), this thesis traces the contestation of nonintervention through cases of intra-state humanitarian crises. I conclude that nonintervention has recurrently challenged R2P as a means of securing international order and the rights of independent political communities, with its persistent salience serving as a barrier to intervention and more expansive interpretations of R2P